Olaf Scholz’s visit to Central Asia from September 15 to 17 was overdue, with no German chancellor setting foot in Kazakhstan for 14 years and Uzbekistan for over two decades. Scholz’s visit followed other European leaders like Emmanuel Macron, Mark Rutte, Viktor Orban, and Charles Michel.
Germany’s groundwork in the region was laid by the foreign minister and president with trips in 2022 and 2023, establishing a “regional strategic partnership” with Central Asia. Scholz’s trip emphasized the country’s unequal engagement with the five countries, focusing on Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan due to their economic importance.
Oil, Green Hydrogen, and Critical Raw Materials
Germany’s trade volume with Kazakhstan increased by 41%, with agreements worth $6.3 billion signed. Cooperation ranged from finance to green hydrogen and agriculture machinery. Plans for exploring critical raw materials were discussed, with the hopes of setting up a consortium soon.
A “Mobility Partnership” or a Bargaining Chip?
A “Comprehensive Migration and Mobility Partnership” was signed with Uzbekistan, with a focus on Afghan deportations. Uzbekistan’s role in assisting with deportations was highlighted, offering benefits in return. The partnership raised concerns about how many Uzbeks would benefit from eased regulations, questioning the motive behind the agreement.
Deeper Cooperation, Even With NATO?
Germany and Kazakhstan established strong ties, especially in the technological sector, with initiatives like a German-Kazakh school and environmental projects. The joint declaration with Uzbekistan touched on defense and security, exploring opportunities within NATO’s Partnership for Peace Program.
Tokayev: “Russia Cannot Be Defeated”
Tokayev’s remarks on military and diplomatic solutions to the Russia-Ukraine conflict showcased the region’s complex stance on international relations. The importance of constructive diplomacy and peace was highlighted, showcasing Central Asia’s independent and pragmatic approach.
Different Views on Afghanistan and Ukraine
Central Asian leaders expressed varied opinions on Afghanistan and the war in Ukraine, with a focus on diplomacy and cooperation. The region’s self-interest and confidence were evident, with a blend of partnerships to modernize their economies.
Scholz’s visit demonstrated a lack of vision and leadership, focusing more on business delegations than strategic commitments. More political investment is needed to prioritize Central Asia, with upcoming opportunities for further dialogue and cooperation.