During October 15 and 16, Pakistan hosted the 23rd Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Council of Heads of Government meeting. Security measures were heightened due to protests by the opposition Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and recent attacks in Karachi. Over 10,000 paramilitary personnel were deployed to protect the 900 delegates, marking Pakistan’s first hosting of a leader’s-level SCO meeting.
The SCO, originally the Shanghai Five in 1996, focuses on maintaining influence and countering the “three evils” – terrorism, extremism, and separatism. The group expanded to include Pakistan and India in 2017. However, concerns have been raised about its effectiveness, with some comparing it to the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) as a platform for member states to advance individual foreign policy goals.
At the recent summit in Islamabad, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif emphasized China’s interests, particularly regarding the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC). These projects aim to enhance trade and connectivity in the region.
The SCO serves as a key platform for China’s Global Security Initiative (GSI), expanding its security influence in Central Asia. While China’s influence grows, Russia utilizes the SCO to signal its presence and introduce measures for oversight, especially in proposing an independent payment system within the organization.
India, a member of the SCO, maintains a cautious approach, focusing on multilateral concerns and advocating for reforms in global bodies like the United Nations Security Council. India expressed concerns about cross-border terrorism and territorial disputes with China, reflecting tensions within the organization.
In conclusion, the SCO’s dynamics are evolving, with China’s influence rising as Russia deals with other challenges. Pakistan’s alignment with China’s strategic objectives was evident at the summit, showcasing the organization’s potential for cooperation amid differing member perspectives.